张家口市崇礼区城市道路提升改造设计

结合张家口市崇礼区提升改造项目的工程实例,详细介绍了城市道路提升改造的原则、实施细节、改造方案等,为类似城市道路提升改造工程提供参考实例。     

基于多元回归方法的海洋执法船主尺度分析

为分析海洋执法船主尺度之间的变化规律,对海洋执法船的发展趋势进行了介绍,并对其相关船型数据资料进行整理分析。采用多元回归的数学方法,建立了基于多变量的海洋执法船主尺度数学模型,有利于对海洋执法船主尺度的变化规律进行分析与掌握,为海洋执法船的报价设计与初步设计提供一定的科学依据。     

Simplified buckling-and-contact-based expansion method for assessment of crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structure

Ship-to-ship collision events can have severe consequences such as loss of life and environmental degradation. For this reason, modern ship designs are required to incorporate a double-hulled structure to prevent inner-hull damage from such events. Using the experimental or numerical method to analyze the crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structures entails much effort, for which reason neither method is easy to adopt at the early design stage. In this paper, an existing simplified method called Ito's method is improved by a new buckling-and-contact-based expansion method. This method can be applied to double-hulled-structure or outer-hull-local-rupture failure mode. The perpendicular bow-to-side collision scenario is assumed for a conservative estimation of damage to a double-hulled structure. The method was verified in the present study by numerical ship collision simulations of several cases. The results for the buckling-and-contact-based expansion method and numerical simulation were similar for a blunt shape of striking body but different for a sharp shape.     

基于插补原理的船体复杂曲面加热线布置方法

船体曲面成形技术是船舶加工过程中重要的环节。如何更好更快实现船体复杂曲面加工,一致以来备受国内外学者的关注。本文借鉴插补原理,对传统船体复杂曲面加热线布置进行了优化设计,得到了圆弧形板、s形板、帆形板和马鞍板的加热线。采用COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场仿真软件,分析四种加热线下钢板变形情况,并通过实验检验了插补形式下的船体曲面成形效果。结果表明：(1)插补算法得到的船体曲面加热线路程比传统加热线路程节约75%以上。(2)对有限元计算位移进行曲面拟合,得到的预测模型与实际船体曲面基本一致。(3)实验了四种曲面加热线,并将有限元预测位移与实验进行对比,二者误差在6%以内,有限元计算与实验结果基本吻合。该方法降低加工时间,提高加工效率。     

Options for reducing noise from roads and railway lines

The fundamental noise generation mechanisms of road and rail vehicles are discussed with attention to noise abatement measures. Based on an evaluation of publicly available tire noise data and the European road traffic noise emission model CNOSSOS, it is shown that on the road side there is a significant noise reduction potential in the usage of low-noise tires. From a three months measurement campaign a noise model was derived to predict the maximal sound pressure level of heavy duty vehicles during a pass-by in 7.5 m distance with the parameters vehicle speed and number of axles. With help of recently published information about external costs caused by heavy duty vehicles and the noise prediction tool, a model was developed to derive a money equivalent that can be used as a bonus/malus in a heavy duty vehicle fee. As a measure at the infrastructure, the installation of low-noise pavements is an effective, durable and economically attractive measure. Recent experiences with different technologies from all over the world are compiled and evaluated. On the rail side, an overview of the possible noise reduction strategies is given, followed by a discussion of the current policy and legislation in the EU and on the national level of different European countries.     

Theoretical and numerical analysis of bending behavior of unbonded flexible risers

This paper presents theoretical and numerical study on bending properties of unbonded flexible risers. To capture nonlinearities in layer's sliding, the stress component due to slip-stick behavior is considered and energy conservation principle considering sliding-caused heat consumption is employed in the analytical model. Besides, a finite element model estimating mechanics of unbonded flexible risers' bending is proposed. In the finite element model, couplings between bending moment–curvature and axial stress as well as contact interaction among layers and tendons have been considered. The theoretical and numerical results were validated against the corresponding experimental data in literature and mutually compared in analyzing nonlinear bending behavior of flexible risers. Moreover, the impacts of axisymmetric loads on riser's bending behavior have been further investigated.     

应用第一性原理思维探索未来城市交通变革

第一届宝马未来出行青年实践营活动选取北京市三里屯地区作为研究对象,鼓励国内外青年学者对该地区进行仔细调研、深入研究,提出有针对性的解决方案。参与过程中应用第一性原理思维,对交通系统中的人、车、路和环境的关系进行系统梳理。第一性原理思维本质是通过发现系统的基本规律,突破性地对系统进行改进和变革。基于对三里屯地区现状公共交通、道路运行、出行环境等方面的分析,创新性地提出该地区未来交通系统的优化思路。方案涉及车辆共享、无人驾驶、空间维度、动态调整停车费、出行积分制等方面。结果表明,该思维方式是从底层规律研究问题,更容易得到创新性的解决方法。     

基于偏好顺序集的非补偿式铁路旅客选择行为估计方法

精细化需求预测是铁路提高收益的重要基础.本文考虑了铁路产品属性对于旅客选择行为的影响,构建具有一定偏好顺序的产品集合来表征不同类型的旅客.在此基础上,利用客票存根及余票数据,建立预售期内旅客选择过程的极大似然函数,求解得到不同旅客类型的出现概率.首先通过仿真算例验证了模型的计算可行性,然后通过实证数据,估算了北京南至上海虹桥方向不同旅客类型在各时段的出现概率,进一步统计得到旅客在不同时段下铁路旅客buy-up行为概率及属性敏感度的变化,并提出一些可用于优化售票策略的建议.     

真空动力固结法在吹填砂土地基处理中的应用

真空动力固结是采取真空降低地下水、重锤点击强夯夯实地基,增强地基承载力的施工技术,是一种比较成熟、简单、普遍使用的软地基加固工艺。通过对其工艺原理、工艺流程的简要介绍,并应用于吹填砂这种特殊地基的软基处理施工。曹妃甸电厂铁路专用线工程,其吹填砂地基承载力不满足设计要求,必须进行加固。在实施过程中,通过试验确定施工技术参数,并摸索出一种适合吹填混合土层的施工方法,其加固地基承载力满足了设计要求。     

公路下伏采空区模型试验相似材料研究

公路路基下伏采空区岩体相似材料研究是开展模型试验研究的必要条件,依据相似原理对采空区常见岩体(砂岩、泥岩)进行相似材料研究,通过概化试验模型,确定几何比及物理相似比,确定相似材料满足的强度要求。同时,把粉煤灰应用于岩石相似材料中,并取得了较好的效果,相似材料及相似比的确立为采空区室内模型试验研究提供了研究基础。